Author Topic: Computer Terms Beginning with "L"  (Read 8927 times)

Offline MysteRy

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Re: Computer Terms Beginning with "L"
« Reply #15 on: April 04, 2014, 07:57:33 AM »
Localhost

"Localhost" refers to the local computer that a program is running on. For example, if you are running a Web browser on your computer, your computer is considered to be the "localhost." While this does not need to be specified when using a single computer, the localhost does need to be defined when running programs from multiple computers. For example, a network administrator might use his local machine to start a Web server on one system and use a remote access program on another. These programs would run from computers other than the localhost.

In the example above, the two non-local computers must be defined by their IP addresses. The local machine is defined as "localhost," which gives it an IP address of 127.0.0.1. This is considered a "loopback" address because the information sent to it is routed back to the local machine. Localhost is often used in Web scripting languages like PHP and ASP when defining what server the code should run from or where a database is located.

Offline MysteRy

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Re: Computer Terms Beginning with "L"
« Reply #16 on: April 04, 2014, 07:58:48 AM »
Log File

Example: "The list of installed files is saved in a log file."

A log file contains a record of events generated by a software program or output by a hardware device. Most log files are saved in a plain text format, which allows them to viewed in a basic text editor. Log files may be generated by Web servers, software installers, or a variety of applications. The data stored in a log file can be used to troubleshoot software issues or run reports.

Most log files have a .LOG file extension.

Offline MysteRy

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Re: Computer Terms Beginning with "L"
« Reply #17 on: April 04, 2014, 08:00:00 AM »
Logic Gate

Logic gates perform basic logical functions and are the fundamental building blocks of digital integrated circuits. Most logic gates take an input of two binary values, and output a single value of a 1 or 0. Some circuits may have only a few logic gates, while others, such as microprocessors, may have millions of them. There are seven different types of logic gates, which are outlined below.

In the following examples, each logic gate except the NOT gate has two inputs, A and B, which can either be 1 (True) or 0 (False). The resulting output is a single value of 1 if the result is true, or 0 if the result is false.

1. AND - True if A and B are both True

2. OR - True if either A or B are True

3. NOT - Inverts value: True if input is False; False if input is True

4. XOR - True if either A or B are True, but False if both are True

5. NAND - AND followed by NOT: False only if A and B are both True

6. NOR - OR followed by NOT: True only if A and B are both False

7. XNOR - XOR followed by NOT: True if A and B are both True or both False

By combining thousands or millions of logic gates, it is possible to perform highly complex operations. The maximum number of logic gates on an integrated circuit is determined by the size of the chip divided by the size of the logic gates. Since transistors make up most of the logic gates in computer processors, smaller transistors mean more complex and faster processors.
« Last Edit: April 04, 2014, 08:03:01 AM by MysteRy »

Offline MysteRy

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Re: Computer Terms Beginning with "L"
« Reply #18 on: April 04, 2014, 08:03:51 AM »
Login

If you are ever asked to enter your username and password, you are being asked to enter your login information. A login is a combination of information that authenticates your identity. This could be a name and password or an ID number and security code. Many secure Web sites use login information to authenticate visitors before allowing them access to certain areas of the site. Unlike the words "brush" and "comb," this term should not be used as both a noun and a verb. It should only be used as a noun, (you don't login to a server, you log in to it).

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Re: Computer Terms Beginning with "L"
« Reply #19 on: April 04, 2014, 08:04:56 AM »
Lossless

Lossless compression reduces a file's size with no loss of quality. This seemingly magical method of reducing file sizes can be applied to both image and audio files. While JPEGs and MP3s use lossy compression, newer compression algorithms, such as JPEG 2000 and Apple Lossless compression, can be used to create lossless compressed files.

Lossless compression basically rewrites the data of the original file in a more efficient way. However, because no quality is lost, the resulting files are typically much larger than image and audio files compressed with lossy compression. For example, a file compressed using lossy compression may be one tenth the size of the original, while lossless compression is unlikely to produce a file smaller than half of the original size.

Offline MysteRy

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Re: Computer Terms Beginning with "L"
« Reply #20 on: April 04, 2014, 08:05:54 AM »
Lossy

Lossy file compression results in lost data and quality from the original version. Lossy compression is typically associated with image files, such as JPEGs, but can also be used for audio files, like MP3s or AAC files. The "lossyness" of an image file may show up as jagged edges or pixelated areas. In audio files, the lossyness may produce a watery sound or reduce the dynamic range of the audio.

Because lossy compression removes data from the original file, the resulting file often takes up much less disk space than the original. For example, a JPEG image may reduce an image's file size by more than 80%, with little noticeable effect. Similarly, a compressed MP3 file may be one tenth the size of the original audio file and may sound almost identical.

The keyword here is "almost." JPEG and MP3 compression both remove data from the original file, which may be noticeable upon close examination. Both of these compression algorithms allow for various "quality settings," which determine how compressed the file will be. The quality setting involves a trade-off between quality and file size. A file that uses greater compression will take up less space, but may not look or sound as good as a less compressed file. Some image and audio formats allow lossless compression, which does not reduce the file's quality at all.

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Re: Computer Terms Beginning with "L"
« Reply #21 on: April 04, 2014, 08:06:53 AM »
LPI

Stands for "Lines Per Inch." LPI is used to measure the resolution of images printed in halftones. Because halftone images are printed as a series of dots, the higher the LPI number, the more dense the dots can be, resulting in a finer resolution.

Newspapers are typically printed in a resolution of 85 lpi, while magazines may use 133 lpi or higher. Because the naked eye can distinguish halftone dots up to about 120 lpi, you are more likely to notice the dots in newspaper print than in magazines. Of course, if you look closely enough, you may be able to see the dots in images printed in 150 lpi or more. But, in normal viewing, it is natural to see the dots as a continuous image even at 85 lpi.

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Re: Computer Terms Beginning with "L"
« Reply #22 on: April 04, 2014, 08:07:46 AM »
LUN

Stands for "Logical Unit Number." LUNs are used to identify SCSI devices, such as external hard drives, connected to a computer. Each device is assigned a LUN, from 0 to 7, which serves as the device's unique address.

LUNs can also be used for identifying virtual hard disk partitions, which are used in RAID configurations. For example, a single hard drive may be partitioned into multiple volumes. Each volume can then be assigned a unique LUN. However, few modern computers use LUNs, since SCSI devices have mostly been replaced by USB and Firewire devices.